Tuesday, 3 May 2011

Kramers theory

Jonathan Donald Kramer (December 7, 1942, Hartford, Connecticut – June 3, 2004, New York City), was a U.S. composer and music theorist.


"the idea that postmodernism is less a surface style or historical period than an attitude. Kramer goes on to say 16 "characteristics of postmodern music, by which I mean music that is understood in a postmodern manner, or that calls forth postmodern listening strategies, or that provides postmodern listening experiences, or that exhibits postmodern compositional practices."

1.Not just the refusal to accept modernism, but incorporates a pause and a continuation.
2.Aspects of irony.
3.Exceeds rules and boundaries of past and present and expected procedures.
4.Challenges barriers between 'high' and 'low' styles.
5.Shows superiority over structural cohesion.
6.questions the mutual exclusivity of elitist and populist values.
7.avoids totalizing forms (e.g., does not want entire pieces to be tonal or serial or cast in a prescribed formal mold)
8.Views music as not independant but as influenced by social cultural and political contexts.
9.Shows intertextual references from a range of genres and eras.
10.Considers technology as not only a way to keep and move music, but also a way of producing it in terms of enhancing it.
11. Uses contradictions (usually for humour sake, and adds to irony)
12. Ommits binary opposites to break boundaries.
13. Doesn't necessarily apply a structured cohesion, uses fragments.
14. encompasses pluralism and eclecticism
15. Gives a range of possible interpretations and multiple temporalities.
16. locates meaning and even structure in listeners, more than in scores, performances, or composers.

Thursday, 14 April 2011

CD

1. Everly Brothers-All I have to do is dream
2. Beegees-Islands in the stream
3. John Lennon- Imagine
4. Oasis- Don't look back in anger
5. Pink- Family Portrait
6. Mamas and Papas- California Dreamin'
7. Chris Rhea- Road to hell
8. Dj Sammy - Heaven - Candle lit version
9. Pink- Conversations with my 13 year old self
10. Dj Tiesto- Adagio for strings
11. Kelly Clarkson- Because of you
12. Eminem- sing for the moment
13. All things bright and beautiful hymn
14. Oasis-Masterplan
15. Wakey Wakey- Dance so good
16. Oasis- Songbird
17. Janis Joplin- Me and Bobby Mcgee
18. Mary J Blige- No more drama


1.Everly Brothers- All I have to do is dream
-Me, my Mum and Dad would sing along to this together every Sunday when I was young.
2.Beegees- Islands in the stream
- reminds me of the drive to Cornwall when my Dad's car broke down and we borrowed a car and the only CD was Beegees and we sang at the top of our voices the whole rest of the way there.
3.John Lennon-Imagine
-We did a project on John Lennon at primary school, I went home and asked my Dad if he knew him, he got the album 'Imagine' and his old record player and we listened to it together. One of my favourite memories. Began my interest in the Beatles.
4.Oasis-Don't look back in anger
-This was the last song at our year 9 prom, we all stood in a circle with our arms around eachother crying, thinking we would never see eachother again. Ironically, i doubt I'm friends with anyone from that circle now. Also, the first time I ever went to a club in town (at 15!) this was the leaving song at the end of the night, the whole dancefloor stood still and belted out the chorus in unison. It gave me goosebumps. To beat that, on my first girls holiday to Magaluf last year, on our last night we were in a bar, me and my friends were dancing on top of the bar and amongst all the dance music this song came on and once again the whole place sung it together, no matter what language you spoke, everyone spoke this song! I felt on top of the world with everyone singing one of my favourite all time songs and standing on a bar with 4 of my best friends.
5.Pink-Family Portrait
-The lyrics are self explanitory
6.Mama's and Papa's-California Dreamin'
-My Mum and Dad's 'song'.
7.Chris Rhea-Road to hell
-There was a day I thought I would lose my mum, I sat in the car and this song came on, I just remember thinking how ironic it was. This was the road to hell.
8.DJ Sammy-Heaven-Candlelit
-For Shannon
9.Pink-Conversations with my 13 year old self
-Exactly how I felt around this age, and in the advantage of hindsight I wish I could go back and let myself know things would change.
10.DJ Tiesto-Adagio for strings
-for the most important person in my life, my brother Scott. If he had to have a soundtrack to his life, this would be it.
11.Kelly Clarkson-Because of you
-Everything I wish I could say to my Mum but never would
12.Eminem-sing for the moment
-I text my brother and asked him to think of a song that reminded him of me and he straight away put this. I asked him why and he replied 'coz you always make the best of a bad situation, not many people can do that, and you love Eminem more than any girl I know!'
13.All things bright and beautiful-hymn
-Reminds me of happier times with my Nan
14.Oasis-Masterplan
-my favourite song by my favourite band
15.Wakey Wakey- Dance so good
-Just the first verse, I'd like my mum to listen to it.
16.Oasis-Songbird
-For Matt
17.Janis Joplin-Me and Bobby Mcgee
-A special song for me and my Dad. Could listen to her all day long, and has some of my all time favourite lyrics. 'Freedoms just another word for nothing left to lose' I have tattooed on me.
18.Mary J Blige- No more drama
-Where I'm at now, I'm an adult and everything is left behind now

Tuesday, 22 March 2011

inglorious basterds post modernism

In what ways is Inglorious Basterds postmodern?
Inglorious basterds, a 2009 war film, written and directed by Quentin Tarantino, gives a historically inaccurate portrayal of the Nazi Germany war in the 1940’s. The film contains various elements that could be considered post modern, firstly in the title itself which belongs to another film but spelt wrong, incorporating a controversial swear word.
For example, Brad Pitt, the leader of an organization of Jews, demands 100 ‘scalps’ from each of his Basterds. This is an inaccurate portrayal of war as nowhere was it recorded that ‘scalping’ was a form of violence used upon the opposition. This inaccurate portrayal of historical events is also highlighted by the shotgun in the cellar scene. This scene is very similar to set ups in lots of Westerns, and therefore again takes away the 1940’s war atmosphere. However it wasn’t uncommon for the bartender to keep a shotgun behind the bar. Another element that adds to the postmodernism created by Tarantino by differing from a real account of WW2 is the way in which Hitler is murdered as oppose to history recalling he committed suicide. This could be considered postmodern in that this is a very controversial, possibly brave choice by Tarantino to produce a narrative that differs so strongly from that that actually happened. However despite possibly border lining causing offence with inaccurate perception of events in WW2, the contrast of fact and fiction possibly is what makes it so appealing to its audience. In fact, over-the-top acting and intertextual references, such as the doorway scene with Hans Landa watching Shosanna run away, make the film almost veer towards parody. However the acting is still on the right side of comedy, particularly by Martin Wuttke who plays Adolf Hitler.
A second element within Inglorious Basterds that could be considered post modern is the music. The film due to its war context is obviously set in the 1940’s era, however we hear music from various other genres and eras within the film. For example, when Shosanna is doing her hair and make up in preparation for the cinema premier, we hear a David Bowie song, which in a sense is ridiculous as the song was not released for a somewhat forty years after the film was set. We also hear a lot of non diegetic music from Spaghetti Westerns such as tracks from ‘the good, the bad, and the ugly.’ This use of music mixes up genres but oddly does not leave the audience in question as to why Tarantino used the piece of music as all pieces arguably still work for the atmospheric portrayal.
Reality of the context of the film is instantly taken away with the way in which the film begins and thereafter is split up. The film begins with ‘once upon a time’ which a phrase generally used for fairy tales. I feel that this gives a sense of irony as a fairy tale tends to end with a ‘happily ever after’ where as the true recollection of events of the war certainly did not. Secondly, the film is split into chapters, again taking away the realistic feel of the film as you would expect a war film to be separated into dates of events perhaps. Also amongst these on screen visuals, we see these appear in yellow text which creates an intertextual reference to Kill Bill.
Inglorious basterds, despite giving an inaccurate almost humorous portrayal of events in world war two, still works in appealing to its audience. The film creates a new sense of reality which the audience become absorbed by therefore almost blocking out anything that questions the reality of the film.

fight club post modernism

In what ways is Fight Club considered post modern?
Fight Club, an American film directed by David Fincher in 1999 contains various elements which could be considered postmodern. However the fact that these elements are so discreet and the enigma of the film isn’t revealed until the very end, I feel is what made the film so successful.
The first thing we become aware of is the narration throughout the entire film, the voice of Ed Norton’s character. This narration aims to fill in gaps within our knowledge and that which the actual character of Ed Norton, doesn’t present. However as the film progresses, we find that information fed by the narrator isn’t necessarily reliable. Almost two thirds of the way through the film and we are yet to have a name for Ed Norton’s character. This creates an enigma for the audience as we become to question what it is we actually know about the character as he defies original perceptions. This post modern element of keeping Ed Norton’s character, in a sense, anonymous, is effective in keeping the audience intrigued to find out who he really is.
Perhaps a deeper element of postmodernism represented within Fight Club is the internal change in which Ed Norton’s character, as well as the other members of Fight Club, endures. It is arguable that the change came from within and not from external forces. This could be considered post modern for it tends to be society, an external force, which expects us to conform to change. However, by conforming, one is not considered ‘manly’. Of course this is a vital characteristic to feel as the entire films arguably revolves around the examination of masculinity and if perhaps that was what the members of fight club were missing from their seemingly ‘dull’ lives. It isn’t until they have the opportunity to rebel from the forced conformity that they feel manly. Hence; project Mayhem.
A third element of postmodernism represented within fight club, is the subliminal messages we see throughout. At the beginning of the film, we see ‘flickers’ of a person from the view point of Ed Norton, so quick that we frequently miss them. It isn’t, of course, until the end of the film that we realise these ‘flickers’ were the beginning of the creation of Ed Norton’s alter ego; Tyler Durden, played by Brad Pitt. Tyler Durden is everything that is desirable to Ed Norton’s character, hence him creating him within his mind. The way in which this schizophrenia is post modern is that the entire film is based upon a partnership to ultimately be defied by the realization that Tyler is a ‘made up’ character. Again I find the fact that Ed Norton wants to be so much like Tyler Durden ironic. He bases his desires upon Tyler’s carefree lifestyle and attitude. However once fight club progresses to project mayhem, the group becomes fascistic, defying the whole original purpose of the organization. It began to escape reality, to rebel, and to excel the conformity they must face within society. However within project mayhem, they all present the same hair cuts, uniforms, have homework, etc. The most ironic thing about this, is that Tyler/Ed Norton ends up being the figure of a dictator and the cause of this conformity, which goes against everything he was trying to change about his life.

Tuesday, 15 March 2011

Spiderman

The Amazing Spider-Man is an American comic book series published by Marvel Comics, featuring the adventures of the fictional superhero Spider-Man. The series began in 1963 and continued for 37 years until a new number order. The storyline is very much the same as the more recent films. Peter Parker being an ordinary teenager, turned superhero, works for the Daily Bugle to support him and his frail Auntie, faces critics about the annonymous spiderman, and endures romance which another student.

Adam West's Batman

This is an image of the original Batman played by Adam west in the 1960's American television series. His costume connots humour and still this day I think is what is concieved as a typical Batman outfit, despite more recent Batman's being played in all black costumes and various others. In this serious Adam West (batman) and Burt Ward (Robin) are to crime fighting heroes who defend their city. This again differs from later 'darker' interpretations of Batman's character.

Batman

Batman gained his own comic book title in 1940. Throughout the years lots of interpretations of Batmans characters were seen but towards the end of the 60's, creators aimed to take Batman back to his original dark roots, which is where Batman: The dark knight returns series and the 1989 film; Batman comes in.

Tuesday, 15 February 2011

WW2 timeline

1939

•Hitler invades Poland on 1 September. Britain and France declare war on Germany two days later.

1940

•Rationing starts in the UK.
•German 'Blitzkrieg' overwhelms Belgium, Holland and France.
•Churchill becomes Prime Minister of Britain.
•British Expeditionary Force evacuated from Dunkirk.
•British victory in Battle of Britain forces Hitler to postpone invasion plans.

1941

•Hitler begins Operation Barbarossa - the invasion of Russia.
•The Blitz continues against Britain's major cities.
•Allies take Tobruk in North Africa, and resist German attacks.
•Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, and the US enters the war.

1942

•Germany suffers setbacks at Stalingrad and El Alamein.
•Singapore falls to the Japanese in February - around 25,000 prisoners taken.
•American naval victory at Battle of Midway, in June, marks turning point in Pacific War.
•Mass murder of Jewish people at Auschwitz begins.

1943

•Surrender at Stalingrad marks Germany's first major defeat.
•Allied victory in North Africa enables invasion of Italy to be launched.
•Italy surrenders, but Germany takes over the battle.
•British and Indian forces fight Japanese in Burma.

1944

•Allies land at Anzio and bomb monastery at Monte Cassino.
•Soviet offensive gathers pace in Eastern Europe.
•D Day: The Allied invasion of France. Paris is liberated in August.
•Guam liberated by the US Okinawa, and Iwo Jima bombed.

1945

•Auschwitz liberated by Soviet troops.
•Russians reach Berlin: Hitler commits suicide and Germany surrenders on 7 May.
•Truman becomes President of the US on Roosevelt's death, and Attlee replaces Churchill.
•After atomic bombs are dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan surrenders on 14 August.



WW2

Inglorious Basterds

In Inglorious Basterds, Quentin Tarantino typically uses aspects of post modernism that are almost barely recognisable in terms of contradicting time eras, settings etc.
The first post-modern element we become aware of is the choice of music. For example, whilst Shosanna is doing her hair and make up for the cinema event, a David Bowie song is being played. This song was released in the 1980's and contradicts the 1940's era the film is portrayed to be set in. However, this still works effectively for the scene.
Another example is when brad pitt and the basterds are 'scalping' in the woods and spaghetti western music is being played, this is an unusual choice of music, as a 'cowboy' genre of music seems inappropriate to signify a war film, however again it strangely works effectively.
In terms of the setting, when Shosanna leaves her room for the cinema event, the camera angle changes to a birds eye view. As she walks through the door, the camera goes above the door making us aware that the cniema is simply a set not a real building which should in theory take away the authenticity of the film as it urges the audience to suddenly 'snap' back into reality and make the film less believable as a true story. However, the depth of the film makes this almost unrecognisable for it's audience, and even once noticed, strangely doesn't effect the sense of reality of the film just like the other post modern elements.
Finally, the film begins with 'once upon a time', a typical opening to a fairytale film. It's followed up by splitting each section of the film into 'chapters' which creates a sense of a fictional story instead of documenting an event such as world war two. However this I feel adds to the humour of the film and works effectively in challenging the conventions of a normal war film.

Tuesday, 18 January 2011

Post modernism

Quentin Tarantino...

-Born March 27 1963.
-American film director, screenwriter, producer, cinematographer, and occassional actor.
-Achievments: Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, a BAFTA, Palme D'or.

Directed:
-My best friends birthday
-Resevoir dogs
-Pulp fiction
-Four rooms
-Jackie Brown
-Kill Bill vol 1 & 2
-Sin City
-Death Proof
-Inglorious basterds
-ER (television director)
-Jimmy Kimmel live (television director)
-CSI (television director)

Wrote:
-My best friends birthday
-Past midnight
-Resevoir dogs
-True romance
-Pulp fiction
-Natural born killers
-Crimson tide
-Four rooms
-From dusk till dawn
-The rock
-Curdled
-Jackie Brown
-Kill Bill
-Death Proof
-Inglorious Bastards

Quentin Tarantino also appeared in several actor roles.